๐ฆ๐ฎ๐น๐ถ๐ฒ๐ป๐ ๐๐ฒ๐ฎ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ ๐ข๐ณ 1956 ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป:
1- ๐ช๐ฟ๐ถ๐๐๐ฒ๐ป ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป- This is a written and lengthy document. It consists of 234 Articles divided into 13 parts and 6 schedules.
2- ๐๐น๐ฒ๐
๐ถ๐ฏ๐น๐ฒ ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป- The constitution could be amended through a process requiring the amendment to be passed by at least a two-thirds majority of the parliament. However, the president had the right to veto the draft, which then could be overridden by a simple parliamentary majority.
3-๐๐๐น๐ฎ๐บ๐ถ๐ฐ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐ฝ๐๐ฏ๐น๐ถ๐ฐ ๐ข๐ณ ๐ฃ๐ฎ๐ธ๐ถ๐๐๐ฎ๐ป - The name of the country was adopted as the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
4-๐ข๐ฏ๐ท๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐ถ๐๐ฒ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐๐ผ๐น๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป - The objective resolution was included as a preamble of the constitution.
5-๐๐ฒ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐น ๐ฆ๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ - The constitution provides for a federal system in the country. Powers was divided between the centre and the provinces. The subjects were divided into three lists; The Federal List, The Provincial List, and the Concurrent List.
6-๐จ๐ป๐ถ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ฒ๐ด๐ถ๐๐น๐ฎ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ- The legislature would consist of a single house. Both the wings of the country were given representation in the National Assembly. The National Assembly consisted of 300 members. 150 members were drawn from each wing.
7- ๐ฃ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐น๐ถ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ ๐ฆ๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ - a parliamentary system was adopted, according to it the president was the head of state and the Prime Minister the head of government.
8-๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐ถ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ป๐- required to be a Muslim of at least forty years of age. The tenure of his office was five years. In case of the internal or external danger, he could declare a state of emergency in the country. He was authorized to appoint the Governors, the Judges of the Supreme Court, Auditor General and the Advocate General.
9-๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ถ๐บ๐ฒ ๐ ๐ถ๐ป๐ถ๐๐๐ฒ๐ฟ- He was to be the leader of the Parliamentary group and was thus indirectly elected by the people. He could choose his cabinet from the members of the National Assembly; the cabinet was answerable to the Assembly.
10-๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ผ๐๐ถ๐ป๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฎ๐น ๐๐๐๐ผ๐ป๐ผ๐บ๐ - Curtailed in the constitution to a great extent.
11-๐๐๐น๐ฎ๐บ๐ถ๐ฐ ๐๐ฎ๐- no law would be passed against the teachings of the Quran and Sunnah.
12-๐๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฒ ๐๐๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ - An independent judiciary in the country. A Supreme Court interpreted the constitution, advised the state whenever required, and decided the issues whenever required.
13-๐๐๐ป๐ฑ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ฎ๐น ๐ฅ๐ถ๐ด๐ต๐๐ - including freedom of movement, freedom of speech and expression, freedom to choose profession and freedom to profess religion. Right to life, liberty, and property.
14-๐๐ฎ๐ป๐ด๐๐ฎ๐ด๐ฒ- Urdu & Bengali
๐ฆ๐ฎ๐น๐ถ๐ฒ๐ป๐ ๐๐ฒ๐ฎ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ ๐ข๐ณ 1962 ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป:
1) ๐ช๐ฟ๐ถ๐๐๐ฒ๐ป ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ปThe Constitution of 1962 was a written document. It consisted of three schedules and 250 articles.
2) ๐ฅ๐ถ๐ด๐ถ๐ฑ ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป - A rigid constitution can only be amended through a particular process. If an amendment to the constitution is passed by at least two-third majority of the parliament then it becomes a part of law after authentication by the President.
3) ๐๐ฒ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐น ๐ฆ๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ - A federal system was introduced in the country. It consisted of a central government and two provincial government comprising East and West Pakistan.
4) ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐ถ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ถ๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ฟ๐ผ๐บ ๐ข๐ณ ๐๐ผ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ป๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐- President was the head Executive of the nation. He was empowered to nominate the ministers of his cabinet.
5) ๐จ๐ป๐ถ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ฒ๐ด๐ถ๐๐น๐ฎ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ- there is only one house in Parliament
6) ๐๐ป๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐ฐ๐ ๐ ๐ฒ๐๐ต๐ผ๐ฑ ๐ข๐ณ ๐๐น๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป- The President was elected by an Electoral College comprising 80,000 Basic Democrats, equally distributed between the two provinces.
7) ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ผ๐๐ถ๐ป๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ผ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ป๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐- There were two provincial governments. Each of them was headed by a governor. He enjoyed powers in the province which the President enjoyed in the centre. The Governor was empowered to appoint provincial ministers with the sanction of the President of Pakistan.
8) ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ผ๐๐ถ๐ป๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ฒ๐ด๐ถ๐๐น๐ฎ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ - Each province was provided with a legislature. It originally consisted of 150 members. However, later on, this number was increased to 218.
9) ๐ฃ๐ผ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ ๐ข๐ณ ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐ถ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ป๐- According to the 1962 Constitution the President should be a Muslim with the term of 5 years. He was eligible to promulgate Ordinances and veto against legislated laws only override-able by two/thirds of the National Assembly. However, the President was not empowered to dissolve the Assembly except the cost of his office also.
10) ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฐ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป๐ ๐ข๐ณ ๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐ถ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ป๐- The President was not allowed to hold any office of profit in the service of Pakistan but was not prevented from holding a managing private property.
11) ๐๐๐น๐ฎ๐บ๐ถ๐ฐ ๐๐ฎ๐-No Law would be passed against the teaching of Quran and Sunnah and the existing laws would be made Islamic.
12) ๐๐๐ป๐ฑ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ฎ๐น ๐ฅ๐ถ๐ด๐ต๐๐ - The constitution of 1962 laid down fundamental rights of speech and expression, freedom to choose profession and freedom to profess religion. With regards to civil rights, familiar right such as the rights of life, livery and property was granted.
13) ๐ฅ๐ผ๐น๐ฒ ๐ข๐ณ ๐๐๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐- The Judiciary was responsible for the interpretation of laws and executive orders in the light of the principles embodied in a written constitution.
14) ๐ฆ๐๐ฝ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐บ๐ฒ ๐๐๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ผ๐๐ป๐ฐ๐ถ๐น - A supreme judicial council consisting of two judges of supreme court chief justice of supreme court and two judges of high courts was to be established.
๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐ข๐ณ 1973:
After taking control of the government in 1971. Z.A. Bhutto started work on a democratic constitution for the country. On 17th April 1972, the National Assembly constituted a committee to prepare a draft constitution. The Committee worked hard and prepared the draft of the constitution which was presented to the leaders of all parliamentary leaders on 20th October 1972. All the leaders signed the draft. After that, it was discussed and debated n the National Assembly which gave its approval on 10th April 1973. The President gave his assent on 12th April 1973. Finally, the Senate approved the constitution in August 1973. Consequently, the constitution was enforced in the country on 14th August 1973. According to the Constitution of 1973, Mr Z.A. Bhutto looks over as the tenth Prime Minister and Mr Fazl-e-Elahi was sworn in as the President of Pakistan.
๐ฆ๐ฎ๐น๐ถ๐ฒ๐ป๐ ๐๐ฒ๐ฎ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ ๐ข๐ณ 1973 ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป:
The Constitution of 1973 is strikingly different from the earlier Constitution of 1956 and 1962. It has the following salient features.
1. ๐ช๐ฟ๐ถ๐๐๐ฒ๐ป ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป- Like the previous constitutions of 1956 and 1962, the Constitution of 1973 is a written document. It is very comprehensive and consists of twelve parts consisting of 280 articles.
2. ๐๐ป๐๐ฟ๐ผ๐ฑ๐๐ฐ๐๐ผ๐ฟ๐ ๐ข๐ณ ๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐ข๐ฏ๐ท๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐ถ๐๐ฒ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐๐ผ๐น๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป-It commences with an introductory which slates Islam shall be the state religion. The principles and provisions set out in the Objectives Resolution have been made a substantive part of the constitution.
3. ๐๐๐น๐ฎ๐บ๐ถ๐ฐ ๐ฆ๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ - The inclusion of Islamic Provisions has given the 1973 Constitution an unprecedented Islamic character. It ensures an Islamic system in the country.
4. ๐ฅ๐ถ๐ด๐ถ๐ฑ ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป- It is a rigid constitution. No Government can change it at will. It is not easy to make amendments in it. A two-thirds majority of both the Houses is required for this purpose.
5. ๐๐ฒ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐น ๐ฆ๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ- The Constitution of 1973 has introduced a Federal system in the country. The federation of Pakistan consists of a Central Government and four Provincial Governments. The Federal Government is headed by a President elected by members of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)
6. ๐ฃ๐ฎ๐น๐ถ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ ๐๐ผ๐ฟ๐บ ๐ข๐ณ ๐๐ผ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ป๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐- The 1973 Constitution proposes a Parliamentary form of Government in the country. Prime minister is the head of the Parliamentary system. He is the leader of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliamentary). He is elected on a direct adult franchise basis. The Prime Minister selects a cabinet of central ministers from the members of Parliament which conduct the affairs of the country. According to the 1973 Constitution, the Prime Minister enjoys wide powers.
7. ๐๐ถ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ฒ๐ด๐ถ๐๐น๐ฎ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ - The Constitution provides for the establishment of a bicameral legislature in Pakistan. The Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) consists of two Houses named Senate and National Assembly. The Senate or the Upper House consists of 63 members (the 8th Amendment has raised this number to 87). The National Assembly consists of 200 members (Now this number has been raised to 207). The Majlis-e-Shoora enjoys wide powers of the legislature.
8. ๐๐ถ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐ ๐ ๐ฒ๐๐ต๐ผ๐ฑ ๐ข๐ณ ๐๐น๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป - The Constitution of 1973 gives a direct method of election. The members of the National Assembly, the Provincial Assemblies are directly elected by the people.
9. ๐๐๐ป๐ฑ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ฎ๐น ๐ฅ๐ถ๐ด๐ต๐๐ - The 1973 Constitution ensures the following fundamental rights to the citizens of Pakistan.
Security of person
Safeguard against unlawful arrest and detention
Prohibition of slavery and forced labour
Freedom of movement
Freedom of assembly
Freedom of association
Freedom of business
Freedom of speech
Freedom of professing religion
Right to hold property
Equality before law
Right to preserve language, script and culture
Safeguard against discrimination in services.
10. ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ถ๐ป๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฝ๐ฒ๐น๐ ๐ข๐ณ ๐ฃ๐ผ๐น๐ถ๐ฐ๐ - The Constitution of 1973 has set the following principles of policy:
Local electoral bodies will be set up for solving local problems.
The parochial and other prejudices shall be discouraged.
The women shall be given full representation in all spheres of national life.
Social justice shall be promoted.
Bonds with Muslim world shall be strengthened.
11. ๐๐ป๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ฝ๐ฒ๐ป๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ป๐ฐ๐ฒ ๐ข๐ณ ๐๐๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐- The Constitution of 1973 stresses upon the establishment of an independent judiciary. Full job security has been provided. The judges are appointed by the President. They cannot be removed from service before the end of their term except on the recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council. Also, Judges are paid respectable salaries.
12. ๐ก๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ฎ๐ป๐ด๐๐ฎ๐ด๐ฒ- The 1973 Constitution has declared Urdu as the national language of Pakistan. However, English has been retained as the official language for 15 years. Similarly, regional languages have been provided full protection.
13. ๐ฆ๐ถ๐ป๐ด๐น๐ฒ ๐๐ถ๐๐ถ๐๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ต๐ถ๐ฝ- The Constitution of 1973 has established the principles of single citizenship. According to this principle, the rights and duties of the citizens are determined by the Federal Constitution only. Thus the people throughout Pakistan are citizens of Pakistan.
14. ๐ฅ๐๐น๐ฒ ๐ข๐ณ ๐๐ฎ๐- The 1973 Constitution establishes the rule of law in Pakistan. According to the rule of law, no person can be deprived of his fundamental rights. All the citizens of Pakistan are equal before the law.
15. ๐๐ถ๐ด๐ต ๐ง๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฎ๐๐ผ๐ป- According to the Constitution of 1973, the act of unconstitutional abrogation of the Constitution has been declared as an act of High Treason.
16. ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐ณ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ป๐ฑ๐๐บ- The Constitution of 1973 has authorised the President to hold Referendum on any national issue. Similarly, the Prime Minister can ask the President to hold a referendum on any important national issue.
๐๐ผ๐ฟ ๐ ๐ผ๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐๐ป๐ณ๐ผ๐ฟ๐บ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐น๐ถ๐ฒ๐ป๐ ๐๐ฒ๐ฎ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ ๐ข๐ณ ๐ฃ๐ฎ๐ธ๐ถ๐๐๐ฎ๐ป ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป๐
๐ฆ๐ฎ๐น๐ถ๐ฒ๐ป๐ ๐๐ฒ๐ฎ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ ๐ข๐ณ 1956 ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป:
1- ๐ช๐ฟ๐ถ๐๐๐ฒ๐ป ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป- This is a written and lengthy document. It consists of 234 Articles divided into 13 parts and 6 schedules.
2- ๐๐น๐ฒ๐
๐ถ๐ฏ๐น๐ฒ ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป- The constitution could be amended through a process requiring the amendment to be passed by at least a two-thirds majority of the parliament. However, the president had the right to veto the draft, which then could be overridden by a simple parliamentary majority.
3-๐๐๐น๐ฎ๐บ๐ถ๐ฐ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐ฝ๐๐ฏ๐น๐ถ๐ฐ ๐ข๐ณ ๐ฃ๐ฎ๐ธ๐ถ๐๐๐ฎ๐ป - The name of the country was adopted as the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
4-๐ข๐ฏ๐ท๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐ถ๐๐ฒ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐๐ผ๐น๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป - The objective resolution was included as a preamble of the constitution.
5-๐๐ฒ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐น ๐ฆ๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ - The constitution provides for a federal system in the country. Powers was divided between the centre and the provinces. The subjects were divided into three lists; The Federal List, The Provincial List, and the Concurrent List.
6-๐จ๐ป๐ถ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ฒ๐ด๐ถ๐๐น๐ฎ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ- The legislature would consist of a single house. Both the wings of the country were given representation in the National Assembly. The National Assembly consisted of 300 members. 150 members were drawn from each wing.
7- ๐ฃ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐น๐ถ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ ๐ฆ๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ - a parliamentary system was adopted, according to it the president was the head of state and the Prime Minister the head of government.
8-๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐ถ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ป๐- required to be a Muslim of at least forty years of age. The tenure of his office was five years. In case of the internal or external danger, he could declare a state of emergency in the country. He was authorized to appoint the Governors, the Judges of the Supreme Court, Auditor General and the Advocate General.
9-๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ถ๐บ๐ฒ ๐ ๐ถ๐ป๐ถ๐๐๐ฒ๐ฟ- He was to be the leader of the Parliamentary group and was thus indirectly elected by the people. He could choose his cabinet from the members of the National Assembly; the cabinet was answerable to the Assembly.
10-๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ผ๐๐ถ๐ป๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฎ๐น ๐๐๐๐ผ๐ป๐ผ๐บ๐ - Curtailed in the constitution to a great extent.
11-๐๐๐น๐ฎ๐บ๐ถ๐ฐ ๐๐ฎ๐- no law would be passed against the teachings of the Quran and Sunnah.
12-๐๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฒ ๐๐๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ - An independent judiciary in the country. A Supreme Court interpreted the constitution, advised the state whenever required, and decided the issues whenever required.
13-๐๐๐ป๐ฑ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ฎ๐น ๐ฅ๐ถ๐ด๐ต๐๐ - including freedom of movement, freedom of speech and expression, freedom to choose profession and freedom to profess religion. Right to life, liberty, and property.
14-๐๐ฎ๐ป๐ด๐๐ฎ๐ด๐ฒ- Urdu & Bengali
๐ฆ๐ฎ๐น๐ถ๐ฒ๐ป๐ ๐๐ฒ๐ฎ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ ๐ข๐ณ 1962 ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป:
1) ๐ช๐ฟ๐ถ๐๐๐ฒ๐ป ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ปThe Constitution of 1962 was a written document. It consisted of three schedules and 250 articles.
2) ๐ฅ๐ถ๐ด๐ถ๐ฑ ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป - A rigid constitution can only be amended through a particular process. If an amendment to the constitution is passed by at least two-third majority of the parliament then it becomes a part of law after authentication by the President.
3) ๐๐ฒ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐น ๐ฆ๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ - A federal system was introduced in the country. It consisted of a central government and two provincial government comprising East and West Pakistan.
4) ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐ถ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ถ๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ฟ๐ผ๐บ ๐ข๐ณ ๐๐ผ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ป๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐- President was the head Executive of the nation. He was empowered to nominate the ministers of his cabinet.
5) ๐จ๐ป๐ถ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ฒ๐ด๐ถ๐๐น๐ฎ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ- there is only one house in Parliament
6) ๐๐ป๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐ฐ๐ ๐ ๐ฒ๐๐ต๐ผ๐ฑ ๐ข๐ณ ๐๐น๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป- The President was elected by an Electoral College comprising 80,000 Basic Democrats, equally distributed between the two provinces.
7) ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ผ๐๐ถ๐ป๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ผ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ป๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐- There were two provincial governments. Each of them was headed by a governor. He enjoyed powers in the province which the President enjoyed in the centre. The Governor was empowered to appoint provincial ministers with the sanction of the President of Pakistan.
8) ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ผ๐๐ถ๐ป๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ฒ๐ด๐ถ๐๐น๐ฎ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ - Each province was provided with a legislature. It originally consisted of 150 members. However, later on, this number was increased to 218.
9) ๐ฃ๐ผ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ ๐ข๐ณ ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐ถ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ป๐- According to the 1962 Constitution the President should be a Muslim with the term of 5 years. He was eligible to promulgate Ordinances and veto against legislated laws only override-able by two/thirds of the National Assembly. However, the President was not empowered to dissolve the Assembly except the cost of his office also.
10) ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฐ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป๐ ๐ข๐ณ ๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐ถ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ป๐- The President was not allowed to hold any office of profit in the service of Pakistan but was not prevented from holding a managing private property.
11) ๐๐๐น๐ฎ๐บ๐ถ๐ฐ ๐๐ฎ๐-No Law would be passed against the teaching of Quran and Sunnah and the existing laws would be made Islamic.
12) ๐๐๐ป๐ฑ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ฎ๐น ๐ฅ๐ถ๐ด๐ต๐๐ - The constitution of 1962 laid down fundamental rights of speech and expression, freedom to choose profession and freedom to profess religion. With regards to civil rights, familiar right such as the rights of life, livery and property was granted.
13) ๐ฅ๐ผ๐น๐ฒ ๐ข๐ณ ๐๐๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐- The Judiciary was responsible for the interpretation of laws and executive orders in the light of the principles embodied in a written constitution.
14) ๐ฆ๐๐ฝ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐บ๐ฒ ๐๐๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ผ๐๐ป๐ฐ๐ถ๐น - A supreme judicial council consisting of two judges of supreme court chief justice of supreme court and two judges of high courts was to be established.
๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐ข๐ณ 1973:
After taking control of the government in 1971. Z.A. Bhutto started work on a democratic constitution for the country. On 17th April 1972, the National Assembly constituted a committee to prepare a draft constitution. The Committee worked hard and prepared the draft of the constitution which was presented to the leaders of all parliamentary leaders on 20th October 1972. All the leaders signed the draft. After that, it was discussed and debated n the National Assembly which gave its approval on 10th April 1973. The President gave his assent on 12th April 1973. Finally, the Senate approved the constitution in August 1973. Consequently, the constitution was enforced in the country on 14th August 1973. According to the Constitution of 1973, Mr Z.A. Bhutto looks over as the tenth Prime Minister and Mr Fazl-e-Elahi was sworn in as the President of Pakistan.
๐ฆ๐ฎ๐น๐ถ๐ฒ๐ป๐ ๐๐ฒ๐ฎ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ ๐ข๐ณ 1973 ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป:
The Constitution of 1973 is strikingly different from the earlier Constitution of 1956 and 1962. It has the following salient features.
1. ๐ช๐ฟ๐ถ๐๐๐ฒ๐ป ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป- Like the previous constitutions of 1956 and 1962, the Constitution of 1973 is a written document. It is very comprehensive and consists of twelve parts consisting of 280 articles.
2. ๐๐ป๐๐ฟ๐ผ๐ฑ๐๐ฐ๐๐ผ๐ฟ๐ ๐ข๐ณ ๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐ข๐ฏ๐ท๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐ถ๐๐ฒ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐๐ผ๐น๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป-It commences with an introductory which slates Islam shall be the state religion. The principles and provisions set out in the Objectives Resolution have been made a substantive part of the constitution.
3. ๐๐๐น๐ฎ๐บ๐ถ๐ฐ ๐ฆ๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ - The inclusion of Islamic Provisions has given the 1973 Constitution an unprecedented Islamic character. It ensures an Islamic system in the country.
4. ๐ฅ๐ถ๐ด๐ถ๐ฑ ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป- It is a rigid constitution. No Government can change it at will. It is not easy to make amendments in it. A two-thirds majority of both the Houses is required for this purpose.
5. ๐๐ฒ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐น ๐ฆ๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ- The Constitution of 1973 has introduced a Federal system in the country. The federation of Pakistan consists of a Central Government and four Provincial Governments. The Federal Government is headed by a President elected by members of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)
6. ๐ฃ๐ฎ๐น๐ถ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ ๐๐ผ๐ฟ๐บ ๐ข๐ณ ๐๐ผ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ป๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐- The 1973 Constitution proposes a Parliamentary form of Government in the country. Prime minister is the head of the Parliamentary system. He is the leader of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliamentary). He is elected on a direct adult franchise basis. The Prime Minister selects a cabinet of central ministers from the members of Parliament which conduct the affairs of the country. According to the 1973 Constitution, the Prime Minister enjoys wide powers.
7. ๐๐ถ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ฒ๐ด๐ถ๐๐น๐ฎ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ - The Constitution provides for the establishment of a bicameral legislature in Pakistan. The Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) consists of two Houses named Senate and National Assembly. The Senate or the Upper House consists of 63 members (the 8th Amendment has raised this number to 87). The National Assembly consists of 200 members (Now this number has been raised to 207). The Majlis-e-Shoora enjoys wide powers of the legislature.
8. ๐๐ถ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐ ๐ ๐ฒ๐๐ต๐ผ๐ฑ ๐ข๐ณ ๐๐น๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป - The Constitution of 1973 gives a direct method of election. The members of the National Assembly, the Provincial Assemblies are directly elected by the people.
9. ๐๐๐ป๐ฑ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ฎ๐น ๐ฅ๐ถ๐ด๐ต๐๐ - The 1973 Constitution ensures the following fundamental rights to the citizens of Pakistan.
Security of person
Safeguard against unlawful arrest and detention
Prohibition of slavery and forced labour
Freedom of movement
Freedom of assembly
Freedom of association
Freedom of business
Freedom of speech
Freedom of professing religion
Right to hold property
Equality before law
Right to preserve language, script and culture
Safeguard against discrimination in services.
10. ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ถ๐ป๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฝ๐ฒ๐น๐ ๐ข๐ณ ๐ฃ๐ผ๐น๐ถ๐ฐ๐ - The Constitution of 1973 has set the following principles of policy:
Local electoral bodies will be set up for solving local problems.
The parochial and other prejudices shall be discouraged.
The women shall be given full representation in all spheres of national life.
Social justice shall be promoted.
Bonds with Muslim world shall be strengthened.
11. ๐๐ป๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ฝ๐ฒ๐ป๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ป๐ฐ๐ฒ ๐ข๐ณ ๐๐๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐- The Constitution of 1973 stresses upon the establishment of an independent judiciary. Full job security has been provided. The judges are appointed by the President. They cannot be removed from service before the end of their term except on the recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council. Also, Judges are paid respectable salaries.
12. ๐ก๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ฎ๐ป๐ด๐๐ฎ๐ด๐ฒ- The 1973 Constitution has declared Urdu as the national language of Pakistan. However, English has been retained as the official language for 15 years. Similarly, regional languages have been provided full protection.
13. ๐ฆ๐ถ๐ป๐ด๐น๐ฒ ๐๐ถ๐๐ถ๐๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ต๐ถ๐ฝ- The Constitution of 1973 has established the principles of single citizenship. According to this principle, the rights and duties of the citizens are determined by the Federal Constitution only. Thus the people throughout Pakistan are citizens of Pakistan.
14. ๐ฅ๐๐น๐ฒ ๐ข๐ณ ๐๐ฎ๐- The 1973 Constitution establishes the rule of law in Pakistan. According to the rule of law, no person can be deprived of his fundamental rights. All the citizens of Pakistan are equal before the law.
15. ๐๐ถ๐ด๐ต ๐ง๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฎ๐๐ผ๐ป- According to the Constitution of 1973, the act of unconstitutional abrogation of the Constitution has been declared as an act of High Treason.
16. ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐ณ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ป๐ฑ๐๐บ- The Constitution of 1973 has authorised the President to hold Referendum on any national issue. Similarly, the Prime Minister can ask the President to hold a referendum on any important national issue.
๐๐ผ๐ฟ ๐ ๐ผ๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐๐ป๐ณ๐ผ๐ฟ๐บ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐ผ๐น๐น๐ผ๐ ๐ ๐ฒ ๐ ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐น๐ถ๐ฒ๐ป๐ ๐๐ฒ๐ฎ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ ๐ข๐ณ ๐ฃ๐ฎ๐ธ๐ถ๐๐๐ฎ๐ป ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป๐
๐ฆ๐ฎ๐น๐ถ๐ฒ๐ป๐ ๐๐ฒ๐ฎ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ ๐ข๐ณ 1956 ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป:
1- ๐ช๐ฟ๐ถ๐๐๐ฒ๐ป ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป- This is a written and lengthy document. It consists of 234 Articles divided into 13 parts and 6 schedules.
2- ๐๐น๐ฒ๐
๐ถ๐ฏ๐น๐ฒ ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป- The constitution could be amended through a process requiring the amendment to be passed by at least a two-thirds majority of the parliament. However, the president had the right to veto the draft, which then could be overridden by a simple parliamentary majority.
3-๐๐๐น๐ฎ๐บ๐ถ๐ฐ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐ฝ๐๐ฏ๐น๐ถ๐ฐ ๐ข๐ณ ๐ฃ๐ฎ๐ธ๐ถ๐๐๐ฎ๐ป - The name of the country was adopted as the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
4-๐ข๐ฏ๐ท๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐ถ๐๐ฒ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐๐ผ๐น๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป - The objective resolution was included as a preamble of the constitution.
5-๐๐ฒ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐น ๐ฆ๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ - The constitution provides for a federal system in the country. Powers was divided between the centre and the provinces. The subjects were divided into three lists; The Federal List, The Provincial List, and the Concurrent List.
6-๐จ๐ป๐ถ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ฒ๐ด๐ถ๐๐น๐ฎ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ- The legislature would consist of a single house. Both the wings of the country were given representation in the National Assembly. The National Assembly consisted of 300 members. 150 members were drawn from each wing.
7- ๐ฃ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐น๐ถ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ ๐ฆ๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ - a parliamentary system was adopted, according to it the president was the head of state and the Prime Minister the head of government.
8-๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐ถ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ป๐- required to be a Muslim of at least forty years of age. The tenure of his office was five years. In case of the internal or external danger, he could declare a state of emergency in the country. He was authorized to appoint the Governors, the Judges of the Supreme Court, Auditor General and the Advocate General.
9-๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ถ๐บ๐ฒ ๐ ๐ถ๐ป๐ถ๐๐๐ฒ๐ฟ- He was to be the leader of the Parliamentary group and was thus indirectly elected by the people. He could choose his cabinet from the members of the National Assembly; the cabinet was answerable to the Assembly.
10-๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ผ๐๐ถ๐ป๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฎ๐น ๐๐๐๐ผ๐ป๐ผ๐บ๐ - Curtailed in the constitution to a great extent.
11-๐๐๐น๐ฎ๐บ๐ถ๐ฐ ๐๐ฎ๐- no law would be passed against the teachings of the Quran and Sunnah.
12-๐๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฒ ๐๐๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ - An independent judiciary in the country. A Supreme Court interpreted the constitution, advised the state whenever required, and decided the issues whenever required.
13-๐๐๐ป๐ฑ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ฎ๐น ๐ฅ๐ถ๐ด๐ต๐๐ - including freedom of movement, freedom of speech and expression, freedom to choose profession and freedom to profess religion. Right to life, liberty, and property.
14-๐๐ฎ๐ป๐ด๐๐ฎ๐ด๐ฒ- Urdu & Bengali
๐ฆ๐ฎ๐น๐ถ๐ฒ๐ป๐ ๐๐ฒ๐ฎ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ ๐ข๐ณ 1962 ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป:
1) ๐ช๐ฟ๐ถ๐๐๐ฒ๐ป ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ปThe Constitution of 1962 was a written document. It consisted of three schedules and 250 articles.
2) ๐ฅ๐ถ๐ด๐ถ๐ฑ ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป - A rigid constitution can only be amended through a particular process. If an amendment to the constitution is passed by at least two-third majority of the parliament then it becomes a part of law after authentication by the President.
3) ๐๐ฒ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐น ๐ฆ๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ - A federal system was introduced in the country. It consisted of a central government and two provincial government comprising East and West Pakistan.
4) ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐ถ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ถ๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ฟ๐ผ๐บ ๐ข๐ณ ๐๐ผ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ป๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐- President was the head Executive of the nation. He was empowered to nominate the ministers of his cabinet.
5) ๐จ๐ป๐ถ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ฒ๐ด๐ถ๐๐น๐ฎ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ- there is only one house in Parliament
6) ๐๐ป๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐ฐ๐ ๐ ๐ฒ๐๐ต๐ผ๐ฑ ๐ข๐ณ ๐๐น๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป- The President was elected by an Electoral College comprising 80,000 Basic Democrats, equally distributed between the two provinces.
7) ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ผ๐๐ถ๐ป๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ผ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ป๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐- There were two provincial governments. Each of them was headed by a governor. He enjoyed powers in the province which the President enjoyed in the centre. The Governor was empowered to appoint provincial ministers with the sanction of the President of Pakistan.
8) ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ผ๐๐ถ๐ป๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ฒ๐ด๐ถ๐๐น๐ฎ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ - Each province was provided with a legislature. It originally consisted of 150 members. However, later on, this number was increased to 218.
9) ๐ฃ๐ผ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ ๐ข๐ณ ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐ถ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ป๐- According to the 1962 Constitution the President should be a Muslim with the term of 5 years. He was eligible to promulgate Ordinances and veto against legislated laws only override-able by two/thirds of the National Assembly. However, the President was not empowered to dissolve the Assembly except the cost of his office also.
10) ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฐ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป๐ ๐ข๐ณ ๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐ถ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ป๐- The President was not allowed to hold any office of profit in the service of Pakistan but was not prevented from holding a managing private property.
11) ๐๐๐น๐ฎ๐บ๐ถ๐ฐ ๐๐ฎ๐-No Law would be passed against the teaching of Quran and Sunnah and the existing laws would be made Islamic.
12) ๐๐๐ป๐ฑ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ฎ๐น ๐ฅ๐ถ๐ด๐ต๐๐ - The constitution of 1962 laid down fundamental rights of speech and expression, freedom to choose profession and freedom to profess religion. With regards to civil rights, familiar right such as the rights of life, livery and property was granted.
13) ๐ฅ๐ผ๐น๐ฒ ๐ข๐ณ ๐๐๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐- The Judiciary was responsible for the interpretation of laws and executive orders in the light of the principles embodied in a written constitution.
14) ๐ฆ๐๐ฝ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐บ๐ฒ ๐๐๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ผ๐๐ป๐ฐ๐ถ๐น - A supreme judicial council consisting of two judges of supreme court chief justice of supreme court and two judges of high courts was to be established.
๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐ข๐ณ 1973:
After taking control of the government in 1971. Z.A. Bhutto started work on a democratic constitution for the country. On 17th April 1972, the National Assembly constituted a committee to prepare a draft constitution. The Committee worked hard and prepared the draft of the constitution which was presented to the leaders of all parliamentary leaders on 20th October 1972. All the leaders signed the draft. After that, it was discussed and debated n the National Assembly which gave its approval on 10th April 1973. The President gave his assent on 12th April 1973. Finally, the Senate approved the constitution in August 1973. Consequently, the constitution was enforced in the country on 14th August 1973. According to the Constitution of 1973, Mr Z.A. Bhutto looks over as the tenth Prime Minister and Mr Fazl-e-Elahi was sworn in as the President of Pakistan.
๐ฆ๐ฎ๐น๐ถ๐ฒ๐ป๐ ๐๐ฒ๐ฎ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ ๐ข๐ณ 1973 ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป:
The Constitution of 1973 is strikingly different from the earlier Constitution of 1956 and 1962. It has the following salient features.
1. ๐ช๐ฟ๐ถ๐๐๐ฒ๐ป ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป- Like the previous constitutions of 1956 and 1962, the Constitution of 1973 is a written document. It is very comprehensive and consists of twelve parts consisting of 280 articles.
2. ๐๐ป๐๐ฟ๐ผ๐ฑ๐๐ฐ๐๐ผ๐ฟ๐ ๐ข๐ณ ๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐ข๐ฏ๐ท๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐ถ๐๐ฒ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐๐ผ๐น๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป-It commences with an introductory which slates Islam shall be the state religion. The principles and provisions set out in the Objectives Resolution have been made a substantive part of the constitution.
3. ๐๐๐น๐ฎ๐บ๐ถ๐ฐ ๐ฆ๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ - The inclusion of Islamic Provisions has given the 1973 Constitution an unprecedented Islamic character. It ensures an Islamic system in the country.
4. ๐ฅ๐ถ๐ด๐ถ๐ฑ ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป- It is a rigid constitution. No Government can change it at will. It is not easy to make amendments in it. A two-thirds majority of both the Houses is required for this purpose.
5. ๐๐ฒ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐น ๐ฆ๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ- The Constitution of 1973 has introduced a Federal system in the country. The federation of Pakistan consists of a Central Government and four Provincial Governments. The Federal Government is headed by a President elected by members of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)
6. ๐ฃ๐ฎ๐น๐ถ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ ๐๐ผ๐ฟ๐บ ๐ข๐ณ ๐๐ผ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ป๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐- The 1973 Constitution proposes a Parliamentary form of Government in the country. Prime minister is the head of the Parliamentary system. He is the leader of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliamentary). He is elected on a direct adult franchise basis. The Prime Minister selects a cabinet of central ministers from the members of Parliament which conduct the affairs of the country. According to the 1973 Constitution, the Prime Minister enjoys wide powers.
7. ๐๐ถ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ฒ๐ด๐ถ๐๐น๐ฎ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ - The Constitution provides for the establishment of a bicameral legislature in Pakistan. The Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) consists of two Houses named Senate and National Assembly. The Senate or the Upper House consists of 63 members (the 8th Amendment has raised this number to 87). The National Assembly consists of 200 members (Now this number has been raised to 207). The Majlis-e-Shoora enjoys wide powers of the legislature.
8. ๐๐ถ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐ ๐ ๐ฒ๐๐ต๐ผ๐ฑ ๐ข๐ณ ๐๐น๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป - The Constitution of 1973 gives a direct method of election. The members of the National Assembly, the Provincial Assemblies are directly elected by the people.
9. ๐๐๐ป๐ฑ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ฎ๐น ๐ฅ๐ถ๐ด๐ต๐๐ - The 1973 Constitution ensures the following fundamental rights to the citizens of Pakistan.
Security of person
Safeguard against unlawful arrest and detention
Prohibition of slavery and forced labour
Freedom of movement
Freedom of assembly
Freedom of association
Freedom of business
Freedom of speech
Freedom of professing religion
Right to hold property
Equality before law
Right to preserve language, script and culture
Safeguard against discrimination in services.
10. ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ถ๐ป๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฝ๐ฒ๐น๐ ๐ข๐ณ ๐ฃ๐ผ๐น๐ถ๐ฐ๐ - The Constitution of 1973 has set the following principles of policy:
Local electoral bodies will be set up for solving local problems.
The parochial and other prejudices shall be discouraged.
The women shall be given full representation in all spheres of national life.
Social justice shall be promoted.
Bonds with Muslim world shall be strengthened.
11. ๐๐ป๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ฝ๐ฒ๐ป๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ป๐ฐ๐ฒ ๐ข๐ณ ๐๐๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐- The Constitution of 1973 stresses upon the establishment of an independent judiciary. Full job security has been provided. The judges are appointed by the President. They cannot be removed from service before the end of their term except on the recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council. Also, Judges are paid respectable salaries.
12. ๐ก๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ฎ๐ป๐ด๐๐ฎ๐ด๐ฒ- The 1973 Constitution has declared Urdu as the national language of Pakistan. However, English has been retained as the official language for 15 years. Similarly, regional languages have been provided full protection.
13. ๐ฆ๐ถ๐ป๐ด๐น๐ฒ ๐๐ถ๐๐ถ๐๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ต๐ถ๐ฝ- The Constitution of 1973 has established the principles of single citizenship. According to this principle, the rights and duties of the citizens are determined by the Federal Constitution only. Thus the people throughout Pakistan are citizens of Pakistan.
14. ๐ฅ๐๐น๐ฒ ๐ข๐ณ ๐๐ฎ๐- The 1973 Constitution establishes the rule of law in Pakistan. According to the rule of law, no person can be deprived of his fundamental rights. All the citizens of Pakistan are equal before the law.
15. ๐๐ถ๐ด๐ต ๐ง๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฎ๐๐ผ๐ป- According to the Constitution of 1973, the act of unconstitutional abrogation of the Constitution has been declared as an act of High Treason.
16. ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐ณ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ป๐ฑ๐๐บ- The Constitution of 1973 has authorised the President to hold Referendum on any national issue. Similarly, the Prime Minister can ask the President to hold a referendum on any important national issue.
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